Spring Cloud Alibaba Reference Documentation

Jim Fang, Jing Xiao, Mercy Ma, Xiaolong Zuo, Bingting Peng, Yuxin Wang

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Dependency Management
3. Spring Cloud Alibaba Nacos Discovery
3.1. Service Registration/Discovery: Nacos Discovery
3.2. How to Introduce Nacos Discovery for service registration/discovery
3.3. An example of using Nacos Discovery for service registration/discovery and call
3.3.1. Nacos Server Startup
3.3.2. Start a Provider Application
3.3.3. Start a Consumer Application
3.4. Nacos Discovery Endpoint
3.5. More Information about Nacos Discovery Starter Configurations
4. Spring Cloud Alibaba Nacos Config
4.1. How to Introduce Nacos Config for configuration
4.2. Quickstart
4.2.1. Initialize Nacos Server
Usage on the Client
4.3. Add Configurations with DataId in YAML Format
4.4. Support Dynamic Configuration Udpates
4.5. Support configurations at the profile level
4.6. Support Custom Namespaces
4.7. Support Custom Groups
4.8. Support Custom Data Id
4.9. Nacos Config Endpoint
4.10. Disable Nacos Config AutoConfiguration
4.11. More Information about Nacos Config Starter Configurations
5. Spring Cloud Alibaba Sentinel
5.1. Introduction of Sentinel
5.2. How to Use Sentinel
5.2.1. Sentinel Dashboard
Get the Dashboard
Start the Dashboard
5.2.2. Configure the Dashboard
5.3. OpenFeign Support
5.4. RestTemplate Support
5.5. Dynamic Data Source Support
5.6. Support Zuul
5.7. Support Spring Cloud Gateway
5.8. Sentinel Endpoint
5.9. Configuration
6. Spring Cloud Alibaba Dubbo
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Features
6.3. Reference
7. Spring Cloud Alibaba RocketMQ Binder
7.1. Introduction of RocketMQ
7.2. RocketMQ Usages
7.3. Introduction of Spring Cloud Stream
7.4. How to use Spring Cloud Alibaba RocketMQ Binder
7.5. How Spring Cloud Alibaba RocketMQ Binder Works
7.6. Support MessageSource
7.7. Configuration Options
7.7.1. RocketMQ Binder Properties
7.7.2. RocketMQ Consumer Properties
7.7.3. RocketMQ Provider Properties
8. Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud ANS
8.1. How to Introduce Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud ANS
8.2. Use ANS to Register Service
8.3. Start Registration Center
8.3.1. Start Lightweight Configuration Center
8.3.2. User Registration Center on the Cloud
9. Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud ACM
9.1. How to Introduce Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud ACM
9.2. Use ACM to Manage Configurations
9.2.1. Start Configuration Center
Use Lightweight Configuration Center
Use ACM on the Alibaba Cloud
9.2.2. Add Configuration in the Configuration Center
9.2.3. Start Application Verification
9.3. Modify Configuration File Extension
9.4. Dynamic Configuration Refresh
9.5. Configure Profile Granularity
9.6. Support Custom ACM Timeout
9.7. Support Custom Group Configurations
9.7.1. Support Shared Configurations
9.8. Actuator Endpoint
10. Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud OSS
10.1. How to Introduce Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud OSS
10.2. How to Use OSS API
10.2.1. Configure OSS
10.2.2. Introduce OSS API
10.3. Integrate with the Resource Specifications of Spring
10.4. Use STS Authentication
10.5. More Configurations for the Client
11. Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud SchedulerX
11.1. How to Introduce Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud SchedulerX
11.2. Start SchedulerX
11.3. Compile a simple job
11.4. Job Scheduling
11.5. Usage in Production Environment
12. Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud SMS
12.1. How to Introduce Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud SMS
12.2. How to use SMS API
12.2.1. Configure SMS
12.2.2. Introduce SMS API
12.3. The Advanced Features of SMS Api

1. Introduction

Spring Cloud Alibaba aims to provide a one-stop solution for microservices development. This prjoect includes the required components for developing distributed applications and services, so that developers can develop distributed applications easily with the Spring Cloud programming models.

With Spring Cloud Alibaba, you only need to add a few annotations and configurations, and you will be able to use the distributed solutions of Alibaba for your applications, and build a distributed system of your own with Alibaba middleware.

The features of Spring Cloud Alibaba:

  1. Flow control and service degradation:support WebServlet, WebFlux, OpenFeign, RestTemplate, Dubbo access to the function of limiting and degrading flow. It can modify the rules of limiting and degrading flow in real time through the console at run time, and it also supports the monitoring of limiting and degrading Metrics.
  2. Service registration and discovery:Service can be registered and clients can discover the instances using Spring-managed beans, auto integration Ribbon.
  3. Distributed configuration:support for externalized configuration in a distributed system, auto refresh when configuration changes.
  4. Rpc Service:extend Spring Cloud client RestTemplate and OpenFeign to support calling Dubbo RPC services.
  5. Event-driven:support for building highly scalable event-driven microservices connected with shared messaging systems.
  6. Distributed Transaction:support for distributed transaction solution with high performance and ease of use.
  7. Alibaba Cloud Object Storage:massive, secure, low-cost, and highly reliable cloud storage services. Support for storing and accessing any type of data in any application, anytime, anywhere.
  8. Alibaba Cloud SchedulerX:accurate, highly reliable, and highly available scheduled job scheduling services with response time within seconds.
  9. Alibaba Cloud SMS: A messaging service that covers the globe, Alibaba SMS provides convenient, efficient, and intelligent communication capabilities that help businesses quickly contact their customers.

Spring Cloud Alibaba also provide rich examples.

2. Dependency Management

If you’re a Maven Central user, add our BOM to your pom.xml <dependencyManagement> section. This will allow you to omit versions for any of the Maven dependencies and instead delegate versioning to the BOM.

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

In the following sections, it will be assumed you are using the Spring Cloud Alibaba BOM and the dependency snippets will not contain versions.

3. Spring Cloud Alibaba Nacos Discovery

Nacos is an easy-to-use dynamic service discovery, configuration and service management platform for building cloud native applications.

With Spring Cloud Alibaba Nacos Discovery, you can quickly access the Nacos service registration feature based on Spring Cloud’s programming model.

3.1 Service Registration/Discovery: Nacos Discovery

Service discovery is one of the key components in the microservices architecture. In such a architecture, configuring a service list for every client manually could be a daunting task, and makes dynamic scaling extremely difficult. Nacos Discovery helps you to register your service to the Nacos server automatically, and the Nacos server keeps track of the services and refreshes the service list dynamically. In addition, Nacos Discovery registers some of the metadata of the service instance, such as host, port, health check URL, homepage to Nacos. For details about how to download and start Nacos, refer to the Nacos Website.

3.2 How to Introduce Nacos Discovery for service registration/discovery

please use the starter with the group ID as com.alibaba.cloud and the artifact ID as spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery.

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>

3.3 An example of using Nacos Discovery for service registration/discovery and call

Nacos Discovery integrate with the Netflix Ribbon, RestTemplate or OpenFeign can be used for service-to-service calls.

3.3.1 Nacos Server Startup

For details about how to download and start Nacos, refer to the Nacos Website.

After Nacos Server starts, go to http://ip:8848 to view the console (default account name/password is nacos/nacos):

Figure 3.1. Nacos Dashboard

TB1XEfwbQH0gK0jSZPiXXavapXa 2790 1060

For more Nacos Server versions, you can download the latest version from release page.

3.3.2 Start a Provider Application

The following sample illustrates how to register a service to Nacos.

  • Configuration of pom.xml The following is a complete example of pom.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"? >
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>open.source.test</groupId>
    <artifactId>nacos-discovery-test</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>nacos-discovery-test</name>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>
  • Configuration of application.properties Some of the basic configurations of Nacos must be included in application.properties(or application.yaml), as shown below: application.properties
server.port=8081
spring.application.name=nacos-producer
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
[Note]Note

If you do not want to use Nacos for service registration and discovery, you can set spring.cloud.nacos.discovery to false.

  • The following is a sample for starting Provider:
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class NacosProviderDemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(NacosProducerDemoApplication.class, args);
    }

    @RestController
    public class EchoController {
        @GetMapping(value = "/echo/{string}")
        public String echo(@PathVariable String string) {
            return "Hello Nacos Discovery " + string;
        }
    }
}

Now you can see the registered services on the Nacos console.

[Note]Note

Before you start the provider application, please start Nacos first. Refer to Naco Website for more details.

3.3.3 Start a Consumer Application

It might not be as easy as starting a provider application, because the consumer needs to call the RESTful service of the provider. In this example, we will use the most primitive way, that is, combining the LoadBalanceClient and RestTemolate explicitly to access the RESTful service. You can refer to section 1.2 for pom.xml and application.properties configurations. The following is the sample code for starting a consumer application.

[Note]Note

You can also access the service by using RestTemplate and FeignClient with load balancing.

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class NacosConsumerApp {

    @RestController
    public class NacosController{

        @Autowired
        private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;
        @Autowired
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;

        @Value("${spring.application.name}")
        private String appName;

        @GetMapping("/echo/app-name")
        public String echoAppName(){
            //Access through the combination of LoadBalanceClient and RestTemolate
            ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancerClient.choose("nacos-provider");
            String path = String.format("http://%s:%s/echo/%s",serviceInstance.getHost(),serviceInstance.getPort(),appName);
            System.out.println("request path:" +path);
            return restTemplate.getForObject(path,String.class);
        }

    }

    //Instantiate RestTemplate Instance
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){

        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(NacosConsumerApp.class,args);
    }
}

In this example, we injected a LoadBalancerClient instance, and instantiated a RestTemplate manually. At the same time, we injected the configuration value of spring.application.name into the application, so that the current application name can be displayed when calling the service of the provider.

[Note]Note

Please start Nacos before you start the consumer application. For details, please refer to Nacos Website.

Next, access the http://ip:port/echo/app-name interface provided by the consumer. Here we started the port of 8082. The access result is shown below:

Address:http://127.0.0.1:8082/echo/app-name
Access result: Hello Nacos Discovery nacos-consumer

3.4 Nacos Discovery Endpoint

Nacos Discovery provides an Endpoint internally with a corresponding endpoint id of nacos-discovery.

Endpoint exposed json contains two properties:

  1. subscribe: Shows the current service subscribers
  2. NacosDiscoveryProperties: Shows the current basic Nacos configurations of the current service

The followings shows how a service instance accesses the Endpoint:

{
  "subscribe": [
    {
      "jsonFromServer": "",
      "name": "nacos-provider",
      "clusters": "",
      "cacheMillis": 10000,
      "hosts": [
        {
          "instanceId": "30.5.124.156#8081#DEFAULT#nacos-provider",
          "ip": "30.5.124.156",
          "port": 8081,
          "weight": 1.0,
          "healthy": true,
          "enabled": true,
          "cluster": {
            "serviceName": null,
            "name": null,
            "healthChecker": {
              "type": "TCP"
            },
            "defaultPort": 80,
            "defaultCheckPort": 80,
            "useIPPort4Check": true,
            "metadata": {

            }
          },
          "service": null,
          "metadata": {

          }
        }
      ],
      "lastRefTime": 1541755293119,
      "checksum": "e5a699c9201f5328241c178e804657e11541755293119",
      "allIPs": false,
      "key": "nacos-producer",
      "valid": true
    }
  ],
  "NacosDiscoveryProperties": {
    "serverAddr": "127.0.0.1:8848",
    "endpoint": "",
    "namespace": "",
    "logName": "",
    "service": "nacos-provider",
    "weight": 1.0,
    "clusterName": "DEFAULT",
    "metadata": {

    },
    "registerEnabled": true,
    "ip": "30.5.124.201",
    "networkInterface": "",
    "port": 8082,
    "secure": false,
    "accessKey": "",
    "secretKey": ""
  }
}

3.5 More Information about Nacos Discovery Starter Configurations

The following shows the other configurations of the starter of Nacos Discovery:

ConfigurationKeyDefault ValueDescription

Server address

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr

 

IP and port of the Nacos Server listener

Service name

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.service

${spring.application.name}

Name the current service

Weight

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.weight

1

Value range: 1 to 100. The bigger the value, the greater the weight

Network card name

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.network-interface

 

If the IP address is not specified, the registered IP address is the IP address of the network card. If this is not specified either, the IP address of the first network card will be used by default.

Registered IP address

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.ip

 

Highest priority

Registered port

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.port

-1

Will be detected automatically by default. Do not need to be configured.

Namespace

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace

 

A typical scenario is to isolate the service registration for different environment, such as resource (configurations, services etc.) isolation between testing and production environment

AccessKey

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.access-key

 

Alibaba Cloud account accesskey

SecretKey

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.secret-key

 

Alibaba Cloud account secretkey

Metadata

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.metadata

 

You can define some of the metadata for your services in the Map format

Log file name

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.log-name

  

Endpoint

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.endpoint

 

The domain name of a certain service in a specific region. You can retrieve the server address dynamically with this domain name

Integrate Ribbon or not

ribbon.nacos.enabled

true

Set to true in most cases

Enable Nacos Watch

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.watch.enabled

true

set to false to close watch

4. Spring Cloud Alibaba Nacos Config

Nacos is an easy-to-use dynamic service discovery, configuration and service management platform for building cloud native applications.

Use Spring Cloud Alibaba Nacos Config to quickly access Nacos configuration management capabilities based on Spring Cloud’s programming model.

4.1 How to Introduce Nacos Config for configuration

please use the starter with the group ID as com.alibaba.cloud and the artifact ID as spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config.

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
</dependency>

4.2 Quickstart

Nacos Config uses DataId and GROUP to determine a configuration.

The following figure shows that the DataId uses myDataid, GROUP uses DEFAULT_GROUP, and configures a configuration item of the format Properties:

Figure 4.1. Nacos Config Item

TB1N2nxbRr0gK0jSZFnXXbRRXXa 2448 1194

4.2.1 Initialize Nacos Server

For specific startup methods, refer to the "Nacos Server Startup" section of the Spring Cloud Alibaba Nacos Discovery section.

After the Nacos Server is started, add how to configure it:

Data ID:    nacos-config.properties

Group  :    DEFAULT_GROUP

Configuration format:    Properties

Configuration content:   user.name=nacos-config-properties
            user.age=90
[Note]Note

The default file extension of DataId is properties.

Usage on the Client

If you want to use Nacos to manage externalized configurations for your applications, please use the starter with the group ID as com.alibaba.cloud and the artifact ID as spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config.

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
</dependency>

Now we can create a standard Spring Boot application.

@SpringBootApplication
public class NacosConfigApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(NacosConfigApplication.class, args);
        String userName = applicationContext.getEnvironment().getProperty("user.name");
        String userAge = applicationContext.getEnvironment().getProperty("user.age");
        System.err.println("user name :" +userName+"; age: "+userAge);
    }
}

Before running this example, we need to configure the address of the Nacos server in bootstrap.properties. For example:

bootstrap.properties. 

# DataId By default, the `spring.application.name` configuration is combined with the file extension (the configuration format uses properties by default), and the GROUP is not configured to use DEFAULT_GROUP by default. Therefore, the Nacos Config configuration corresponding to the configuration file has a DataId of nacos-config.properties and a GROUP of DEFAULT_GROUP
spring.application.name=nacos-config
spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848

[Note]Note

If you use domain name to access Nacos, the format of spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr should be Domain name:port. For example, if the Nacos domain name is abc.com.nacos, and the listerner port is 80, then the configuration should be spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=abc.com.nacos:80. Port 80 cannot be omitted.

Run this example and you can see the following output:

2018-11-02 14:24:51.638  INFO 32700 --- [main] c.a.demo.provider.NacosConfigApplication    : Started NacosConfigApplication in 14.645 seconds (JVM running for 15.139)
user name :nacos-config-properties; age: 90
2018-11-02 14:24:51.688  INFO 32700 --- [-127.0.0.1:8848] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@a8c5e74: startup date [Fri Nov 02 14:24:51 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy

4.3 Add Configurations with DataId in YAML Format

Nacos Config supports yaml format as well. You only need to complete the following 2 steps.

  1. In the bootstrap.properties file, add the following line to claim that the format of DataId is yaml. As follows:

bootstrap.properties. 

spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension=yaml

  1. Add a configuration with the DataId in yaml format on the Nacos console, as shown below:
Data ID:        nacos-config.yaml

Group  :        DEFAULT_GROUP

Configuration format:        YAML

Configuration content:        user.name: nacos-config-yaml
                              user.age: 68

After completing the preivous two steps, restart the testing program and you will see the following result.

2018-11-02 14:59:00.484  INFO 32928 --- [main] c.a.demo.provider.NacosConfigApplication:Started NacosConfigApplication in 14.183 seconds (JVM running for 14.671)
user name :nacos-config-yaml; age: 68
2018-11-02 14:59:00.529  INFO 32928 --- [-127.0.0.1:8848] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@265a478e: startup date [Fri Nov 02 14:59:00 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy

4.4 Support Dynamic Configuration Udpates

Nacos Config also supports dynamic configuration updates. The code for starting Spring Boot application testing is as follows:

@SpringBootApplication
public class NacosConfigApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(NacosConfigApplication.class, args);
        while(true) {
            //When configurations are refreshed dynamically, they will be updated in the Enviroment, therefore here we retrieve configurations from Environment every other second.
            String userName = applicationContext.getEnvironment().getProperty("user.name");
            String userAge = applicationContext.getEnvironment().getProperty("user.age");
            System.err.println("user name :" + userName + "; age: " + userAge);
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        }
    }
}

When user.name is changed, the latest value can be retrieved from the application, as shown below:

user name :nacos-config-yaml; age: 68
user name :nacos-config-yaml; age: 68
user name :nacos-config-yaml; age: 68
2018-11-02 15:04:25.069  INFO 32957 --- [-127.0.0.1:8848] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Started application in 0.144 seconds (JVM running for 71.752)
2018-11-02 15:04:25.070  INFO 32957 --- [-127.0.0.1:8848] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@10c89124: startup date [Fri Nov 02 15:04:25 CST 2018]; parent: org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@6520af7
2018-11-02 15:04:25.071  INFO 32957 --- [-127.0.0.1:8848] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@6520af7: startup date [Fri Nov 02 15:04:24 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
//Read the updated value from Enviroment
user name :nacos-config-yaml-update; age: 68
user name :nacos-config-yaml-update; age: 68
[Note]Note

You can disable automatic refresh with this setting`spring.cloud.nacos.config.refresh.enabled=false`.

4.5 Support configurations at the profile level

When configurations are loaded by Nacos Config, basic configurations with DataId of ${spring.application.name}. ${file-extension:properties} , and DataId of ${spring.application.name}-${profile}. ${file-extension:properties} are also loaded. If you need to use different configurations from different environments, you can use the ${spring.profiles.active} configuration provided by Spring.

spring.profiles.active=develop
[Note]Note

When specified in configuration files, ${spring.profiles.active} must be placed in bootstrap.properties.

Add a basic configuration in Nacos, with a DataId of nacos-config-develop.yaml, as shown below:

Data ID:        nacos-config-develop.yaml

Group  :        DEFAULT_GROUP

Configuration format:        YAML

Configuration content:        current.env: develop-env

Run the following Spring Boot application testing code:

@SpringBootApplication
public class NacosConfigApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(NacosConfigApplication.class, args);
        while(true) {
            String userName = applicationContext.getEnvironment().getProperty("user.name");
            String userAge = applicationContext.getEnvironment().getProperty("user.age");
            //Get the current deployment environment
            String currentEnv = applicationContext.getEnvironment().getProperty("current.env");
            System.err.println("in "+currentEnv+" enviroment; "+"user name :" + userName + "; age: " + userAge);
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        }
    }
}

After started, you can see the output as follows in the console:

in develop-env enviroment; user name :nacos-config-yaml-update; age: 68
2018-11-02 15:34:25.013  INFO 33014 --- [ Thread-11] ConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@6f1c29b7: startup date [Fri Nov 02 15:33:57 CST 2018]; parent: org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@63355449

To switch to the production environment, you only need to change the parameter of ${spring.profiles.active}. As show below:

spring.profiles.active=product

At the same time, add the basic configuration with the DataId in the Nacos of your production environment. For example, you can add the configuration with the DataId of nacos-config-product.yaml in Nacos of your production environment:

Data ID:        nacos-config-product.yaml

Group  :        DEFAULT_GROUP

Configuration format:        YAML

Configuration content:        current.env: product-env

Start the testing program and you will see the following result:

in product-env enviroment; user name :nacos-config-yaml-update; age: 68
2018-11-02 15:42:14.628  INFO 33024 --- [Thread-11] ConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@6aa8e115: startup date [Fri Nov 02 15:42:03 CST 2018]; parent: org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@19bb07ed
[Note]Note

In this example, we coded the configuration in the configuration file by using the spring.profiles.active=<profilename> method. In real scenarios, this variable needs to be different in different environment. You can use the -Dspring.profiles.active=<profile> parameter to specify the configuration so that you can switch between different environments easily.

4.6 Support Custom Namespaces

For details about namespaces in Nacos, refer to Nacos Concepts

Namespaces are used to isolate configurations for different tenants. Groups and Data IDs can be the same across different namespaces. Typical scenarios of namespaces is the isolation of configurations for different environments, for example, isolation between development/testing environments and production environments(configurations and services and so on).

The “Public” namespace of Nacos is used if no namespace is specified in ${spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace}. You can also specify a custom namespace in the following way:

spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=b3404bc0-d7dc-4855-b519-570ed34b62d7
[Note]Note

This configuration must be in the bootstrap.properties file. The value of spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace is the id of the namespace, and the value of id can be retrieved from the Nacos console. Do not select other namespaces when adding configurations. Otherwise configurations cannot be retrieved properly.

4.7 Support Custom Groups

DEFAULT_GROUP is used by default when no {spring.cloud.nacos.config.group} configuration is defined. If you need to define your own group, you can define it in the following property:

spring.cloud.nacos.config.group=DEVELOP_GROUP
[Note]Note

This configuration must be in the bootstrap.properties file, and the value of Group must be the same with the value of spring.cloud.nacos.config.group.

4.8 Support Custom Data Id

As of Spring Cloud Alibaba Nacos Config, data id can be self-defined. For detailed design of this part, refer to Github issue. The following is a complete sample:

spring.application.name=opensource-service-provider
spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848

# config external configuration
# 1. Data Id is in the default group of DEFAULT_GROUP, and dynamic refresh of configurations is not supported.
spring.cloud.nacos.config.ext-config[0].data-id=ext-config-common01.properties

# 2. Data Id is not in the default group, and dynamic refresh of configurations is not supported.
spring.cloud.nacos.config.ext-config[1].data-id=ext-config-common02.properties
spring.cloud.nacos.config.ext-config[1].group=GLOBALE_GROUP

# 3. Data Id is not in the default group and dynamic referesh of configurations is supported.
spring.cloud.nacos.config.ext-config[2].data-id=ext-config-common03.properties
spring.cloud.nacos.config.ext-config[2].group=REFRESH_GROUP
spring.cloud.nacos.config.ext-config[2].refresh=true

We can see that:

  • Support multiple data ids by configuring spring.cloud.nacos.config.ext-config[n].data-id.
  • Customize the group of data id by configuring spring.cloud.nacos.config.ext-config[n].group. If not specified, DEFAULT_GROUP is used.
  • Control whether this data id supports dynamic refresh of configurations is supported when configurations are changed by configuring spring.cloud.nacos.config.ext-config[n].refresh. It’s not supported by default.
[Note]Note

When multiple Data Ids are configured at the same time, the priority is defined by the value of “n” in spring.cloud.nacos.config.ext-config[n].data-id. The bigger the value, the higher the priority.

[Note]Note

The value of spring.cloud.nacos.config.ext-config[n].data-id must have a file extension, and it could be properties or yaml/yml. The setting in spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension does not have any impact on the custom Data Id file extension.

The configuration of custom Data Id allows the sharing of configurations among multiple applications, and also enables support of multiple configurations for one application.

To share the data id among multiple applications in a clearer manner, you can also use the following method:

spring.cloud.nacos.config.shared-dataids=bootstrap-common.properties,all-common.properties
spring.cloud.nacos.config.refreshable-dataids=bootstrap-common.properties

We can see that:

  • Multiple shared data ids can be configured using spring.cloud.nacos.config.shared-dataids , and the data ids are separted by commas.
  • spring.cloud.nacos.config.refreshable-dataids is used to control which data ids will be refreshed dynamically when configurations are updated, and that the latest configuration values can be retrieved by applications. Data ids are separated with commas. If not specified, all shared data ids will not be dynamically refreshed.
[Note]Note

When using spring.cloud.nacos.config.shared-dataids to configure multiple shared data ids, we agree on the following priority between the shared configurations: Priorities are decided based on the order in which the configurations appear. The one that occurs later is higher in priority than the one that appears first.

[Note]Note

When using spring.cloud.nacos.config.shared-dataids, the data Id must have a file extension, and it could be properties or yaml/yml. And the configuration in spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension does not have any impact on the customized Data Id file extension.

[Note]Note

When spring.cloud.nacos.config.refreshable-dataids specifies the data ids that support dynamic refresh, the corresponding values of the data ids should also specify file extensions.

4.9 Nacos Config Endpoint

Nacos Config provides an Endpoint internally with a corresponding endpoint id of nacos-config.

Endpoint exposed json contains three properties:

  1. Sources: Current application configuration data information
  2. RefreshHistory: Configuration refresh history
  3. NacosConfigProperties: Shows the current basic Nacos configurations of the current service

The followings shows how a service instance accesses the Endpoint:

{
	"NacosConfigProperties": {
		"serverAddr": "127.0.0.1:8848",
		"encode": null,
		"group": "DEFAULT_GROUP",
		"prefix": null,
		"fileExtension": "properties",
		"timeout": 3000,
		"endpoint": null,
		"namespace": null,
		"accessKey": null,
		"secretKey": null,
		"contextPath": null,
		"clusterName": null,
		"name": null,
		"sharedDataids": "base-common.properties,common.properties",
		"refreshableDataids": "common.properties",
		"extConfig": null
	},
	"RefreshHistory": [{
		"timestamp": "2019-07-29 11:20:04",
		"dataId": "nacos-config-example.properties",
		"md5": "7d5d7f1051ff6571e2ec9f90887d9d91"
	}],
	"Sources": [{
		"lastSynced": "2019-07-29 11:19:04",
		"dataId": "common.properties"
	}, {
		"lastSynced": "2019-07-29 11:19:04",
		"dataId": "base-common.properties"
	}, {
		"lastSynced": "2019-07-29 11:19:04",
		"dataId": "nacos-config-example.properties"
	}]
}

4.10 Disable Nacos Config AutoConfiguration

set spring.cloud.nacos.config.enabled = false to disable Spring Cloud Nacos Config AutoConfiguration.

4.11 More Information about Nacos Config Starter Configurations

The following shows the other configurations of the starter of Nacos Config:

ConfigurationKeyDefault ValueDescription

Server address

spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr

 

IP and port of the Nacos Server listener

Dataid from nacos config

spring.cloud.nacos.config.name

 

First take the prefix, then go to the name, and finally take spring.application.name

Dataid from nacos config

spring.cloud.nacos.config.prefix

 

First take the prefix, then go to the name, and finally take spring.application.name

Encode for nacos config content

spring.cloud.nacos.config.encode

 

Encode for nacos config content

GROUP for nacos config

spring.cloud.nacos.config.group

DEFAULT_GROUP

GROUP for nacos config

The suffix of nacos config dataId, also the file extension of config content.

spring.cloud.nacos.config.fileExtension

properties

The suffix of nacos config dataId, also the file extension of config content(now support properties or yaml(yml))

Timeout for get config from nacos

spring.cloud.nacos.config.timeout

3000

Timeout for get config from nacos

Endpoint

spring.cloud.nacos.config.endpoint

 

Endpoint

Namespace

spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace

 

Namespace

AccessKey

spring.cloud.nacos.config.accessKey

 

Alibaba Cloud account accesskey

SecretKey

spring.cloud.nacos.config.secretKey

 

Alibaba Cloud account secretkey

The context path of Nacos Server

spring.cloud.nacos.config.contextPath

 

The context path of Nacos Server

Cluster name

spring.cloud.nacos.config.clusterName

 

Cluster name

Dataid for Shared Configuration

spring.cloud.nacos.config.sharedDataids

 

Dataid for Shared Configuration, split by ","

Dynamic refresh dataid for Shared Configuration

spring.cloud.nacos.config.refreshableDataids

 

Dynamic refresh dataid for Shared Configuration, split by ","

custom dataid

spring.cloud.nacos.config.extConfig

 

It’s a List,build up by Config POJO. Config has 3 attributes, dataId, group and refresh

5. Spring Cloud Alibaba Sentinel

5.1 Introduction of Sentinel

As microservices become popular, the stability of service calls is becoming increasingly important. Sentinel takes "flow" as the breakthrough point, and works on multiple fields including flow control, circuit breaking and load protection to protect service reliability.

Sentinel has the following features:

  • Rich Scenarios: Sentinel has supported the key scenarios of Alibaba’s Double 11 Shopping Festivals for over 10 years, such as second kill(i.e., controlling sudden bursts of traffic flow so that it’s within the acceptable range of the system capacity), message load shifting, circuit breaking of unreliable downstream applications.
  • Comprehensive Real-Time Monitoring: Sentinel provides real-time monitoring capability. You can see the monitoring data of your servers at the accuracy of seconds, and even the overall runtime status of a cluster with less than 500 nodes.
  • Extensive Open-Source Ecosystem: Sentinel provides out-of-box modules that can be easily integrated with other open-source frameworks/libraries, such as Spring Cloud, Dubbo, and gRPC. To use Sentinel, you only need to introduce the related dependency and make a few simple configurations.
  • Sound SPI Extensions: Sentinel provides easy-to-use and sound SPI extension interfaces. You can customize logics with the SPI extensions quickly, for example, you can define your own rule management, or adapt to specific data sources.

5.2 How to Use Sentinel

If you want to use Sentinel in your project, please use the starter with the group ID as com.alibaba.cloud and the artifact ID as spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel.

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>

The following is a simple example of how to use Sentinel:

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceApplication.class, args);
    }

}

@RestController
public class TestController {

    @GetMapping(value = "/hello")
    @SentinelResource("hello")
    public String hello() {
        return "Hello Sentinel";
    }

}

The @SentinelResource annotation is used to identify if a resource is rate limited or degraded. In the above sample, the 'hello' attribute of the annotation refers to the resource name.

@SentinelResource also provides attributes such as blockHandler, blockHandlerClass, and fallback to identify rate limiting or degradation operations. For more details, refer to Sentinel Annotation Support.

The above examples are all used in the WebServlet environment. Sentinel currently supports WebFlux and needs to cooperate with the spring-boot-starter-webflux dependency to trigger the WebFlux-related automation configuration in sentinel starter.

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceApplication.class, args);
    }

}

@RestController
public class TestController {

    @GetMapping("/mono")
    @SentinelResource("hello")
    public Mono<String> mono() {
	return Mono.just("simple string")
			.transform(new SentinelReactorTransformer<>("otherResourceName"));
    }

}

5.2.1 Sentinel Dashboard

Sentinel dashboard is a lightweight console that provides functions such as machine discovery, single-server resource monitoring, overview of cluster resource data, as well as rule management. To use these features, you only need to complete a few steps.

Note: The statistics overview for clusters only supports clusters with less than 500 nodes, and has a latency of about 1 to 2 seconds.

Figure 5.1. Sentinel Dashboard

dashboard

To use the Sentinel dashboard, simply complete the following 3 steps.

Get the Dashboard

You can download the latest dashboard JAR file from the Release Page.

You can also get the latest source code to build your own Sentinel dashboard:

  • Download the Dashboard project.
  • Run the following command to package the code into a FatJar: mvn clean package

Start the Dashboard

Sentinel dashboard is a standard SpringBoot application, and you can run the JAR file in the Spring Boot mode.

java -Dserver.port=8080 -Dcsp.sentinel.dashboard.server=localhost:8080 -Dproject.name=sentinel-dashboard -jar sentinel-dashboard.jar

If there is conflict with the 8080 port, you can use -Dserver.port=new port to define a new port.

5.2.2 Configure the Dashboard

application.yml. 

spring:
  cloud:
    sentinel:
      transport:
        port: 8719
        dashboard: localhost:8080

The port number specified in spring.cloud.sentinel.transport.port will start an HTTP Server on the corresponding server of the application, and this server will interact with the Sentinel dashboard. For example, if a rate limiting rule is added in the Sentinel dashboard, the the rule data will be pushed to and recieved by the HTTP Server, which in turn registers the rule to Sentinel.

For more information about Sentinel dashboard, please refer to Sentinel Dashboard.

5.3 OpenFeign Support

Sentinel is compatible with the OpenFeign component. To use it, in addition to introducing the sentinel-starter dependency, complete the following 2 steps:

  • Enable the Sentinel support for feign in the properties file. feign.sentinel.enabled=true
  • Add the openfeign starter dependency to trigger and enable sentinel starter:
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>

This is a simple usage of FeignClient:

@FeignClient(name = "service-provider", fallback = EchoServiceFallback.class, configuration = FeignConfiguration.class)
public interface EchoService {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/echo/{str}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    String echo(@PathVariable("str") String str);
}

class FeignConfiguration {
    @Bean
    public EchoServiceFallback echoServiceFallback() {
        return new EchoServiceFallback();
    }
}

class EchoServiceFallback implements EchoService {
    @Override
    public String echo(@PathVariable("str") String str) {
        return "echo fallback";
    }
}
[Note]Note

The resource name policy in the corresponding interface of Feign is:httpmethod:protocol://requesturl. All the attributes in the @FeignClient annotation is supported by Sentinel.

The corresponding resource name of the echo method in the EchoService interface is GET:http://service-provider/echo/{str}.

5.4 RestTemplate Support

Spring Cloud Alibaba Sentinel supports the protection of RestTemplate service calls using Sentinel. To do this, you need to add the @SentinelRestTemplate annotation when constructing the RestTemplate bean.

@Bean
@SentinelRestTemplate(blockHandler = "handleException", blockHandlerClass = ExceptionUtil.class)
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
    return new RestTemplate();
}

The attribute of the @SentinelRestTemplate annotation support flow control(blockHandler, blockHandlerClass) and circuit breaking(fallback, fallbackClass).

==

The blockHandler or fallback is the static method of blockHandlerClass or fallbackClass.

The parameter and return value of method in @SentinelRestTemplate is same as org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestInterceptor#interceptor, but it has one more parameter BlockException to catch the exception by Sentinel.

The method signature of handleException in ExceptionUtil above should be like this:

public class ExceptionUtil {
    public static ClientHttpResponse handleException(HttpRequest request, byte[] body, ClientHttpRequestExecution execution, BlockException exception) {
        ...
    }
}
[Note]Note

When the application starts, it will check if the @SentinelRestTemplate annotation corresponding to the flow control or circuit breaking method exists, if it does not exist, it will throw an exception.

The attribute of the @SentinelRestTemplate annotation is optional.

It will return RestTemplate request block by sentinel when you using RestTemplate blocked by Sentinel. You can override it by your own logic. We provide SentinelClientHttpResponse to handle the response.

Sentinel RestTemplate provides two granularities for resource rate limiting:

  • httpmethod:schema://host:port/path: Protocol, host, port and path
  • httpmethod:schema://host:port: Protocol, host and port
[Note]Note

Take Http GET https://www.taobao.com/test as an example. The corresponding resource names have two levels of granularities, GET:https://www.taobao.com and GET:https://www.taobao.com/test.

5.5 Dynamic Data Source Support

SentinelProperties provide datasource attribute to configure datasource.

For example, 4 data sources are configures:

spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds1.file.file=classpath: degraderule.json
spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds1.file.rule-type=flow

#spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds1.file.file=classpath: flowrule.json
#spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds1.file.data-type=custom
#spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds1.file.converter-class=JsonFlowRuleListConverter
#spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds1.file.rule-type=flow

spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds2.nacos.server-addr=localhost:8848
spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds2.nacos.data-id=sentinel
spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds2.nacos.group-id=DEFAULT_GROUP
spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds2.nacos.data-type=json
spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds2.nacos.rule-type=degrade

spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds3.zk.path = /Sentinel-Demo/SYSTEM-CODE-DEMO-FLOW
spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds3.zk.server-addr = localhost:2181
spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds3.zk.rule-type=authority

spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds4.apollo.namespace-name = application
spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds4.apollo.flow-rules-key = sentinel
spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds4.apollo.default-flow-rule-value = test
spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds4.apollo.rule-type=param-flow

This method follows the configuration of Spring Cloud Stream Binder. TreeMap is used for storage internally, and comparator is String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER.

[Note]Note

d1, ds2, ds3, ds4 are the names of ReadableDataSource, and can be coded as you like. The file, zk, nacos , apollo refer to the specific data sources. The configurations following them are the specific configurations of these data sources respecitively.

Every data source has 3 common configuration items: data-type, converter-class and rule-type.

data-type refers to Converter. Spring Cloud Alibaba Sentinel provides two embedded values by default: json and xml (the default is json if not specified). If you do not want to use the embedded json or xml Converter, you can also fill in custom to indicate that you will define your own Converter, and then configure the converter-class. You need to specify the full path of the class for this configuration.

rule-type refers to the rule type in datasource(flowdegradeauthoritysystem, param-flow, gw-flow, gw-api-group).

[Note]Note

XML format is not supported by default. To make it effective, you need to add the jackson-dataformat-xml dependency.

To learn more about how dynamic data sources work in Sentinel, refer to Dynamic Rule Extension.

5.6 Support Zuul

参考 Sentinel 网关限流

If you want to use Sentinel Starter with Zuul, you need to add the spring-cloud-alibaba-sentinel-gateway dependency, and you need to add the spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul dependency to let Zuul AutoConfiguration class in the gateway module takes effect:

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-sentinel-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>

5.7 Support Spring Cloud Gateway

参考 Sentinel 网关限流

If you want to use Sentinel Starter with Spring Cloud Gateway, you need to add the spring-cloud-alibaba-sentinel-gateway dependency and add the spring-cloud-starter-gateway dependency to let Spring Cloud Gateway AutoConfiguration class in the module takes effect:

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-sentinel-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>

5.8 Sentinel Endpoint

Sentinel provides an Endpoint internally with a corresponding endpoint id of sentinel.

Endpoint exposed json contains multi properties:

  1. appName: application name
  2. logDir: the directory of log
  3. logUsePid: log name with pid ot not
  4. blockPage: redirect page after sentinel block
  5. metricsFileSize: the size of metrics file
  6. metricsFileCharset: metrics file charset
  7. totalMetricsFileCount: the total file count of of metrics file
  8. consoleServer: sentinel dashboard address
  9. clientIp: client ip
  10. heartbeatIntervalMs: client heartbeat interval with dashboard
  11. clientPort: the client needs to expose the port to interact with the dashboard
  12. coldFactor: cold factor
  13. filter: CommonFilter related properties, such as order, urlPatterns and enable
  14. datasource: datasource configuration info by client
  15. rules: the rule that the client takes effect internally contains flowRules, degradeRules, systemRules, authorityRule, paramFlowRule

The followings shows how a service instance accesses the Endpoint:

{
	"blockPage": null,
	"appName": "sentinel-example",
	"consoleServer": "localhost:8080",
	"coldFactor": "3",
	"rules": {
		"flowRules": [{
			"resource": "GET:http://www.taobao.com",
			"limitApp": "default",
			"grade": 1,
			"count": 0.0,
			"strategy": 0,
			"refResource": null,
			"controlBehavior": 0,
			"warmUpPeriodSec": 10,
			"maxQueueingTimeMs": 500,
			"clusterMode": false,
			"clusterConfig": null
		}, {
			"resource": "/test",
			"limitApp": "default",
			"grade": 1,
			"count": 0.0,
			"strategy": 0,
			"refResource": null,
			"controlBehavior": 0,
			"warmUpPeriodSec": 10,
			"maxQueueingTimeMs": 500,
			"clusterMode": false,
			"clusterConfig": null
		}, {
			"resource": "/hello",
			"limitApp": "default",
			"grade": 1,
			"count": 1.0,
			"strategy": 0,
			"refResource": null,
			"controlBehavior": 0,
			"warmUpPeriodSec": 10,
			"maxQueueingTimeMs": 500,
			"clusterMode": false,
			"clusterConfig": null
		}]
	},
	"metricsFileCharset": "UTF-8",
	"filter": {
		"order": -2147483648,
		"urlPatterns": ["/*"],
		"enabled": true
	},
	"totalMetricsFileCount": 6,
	"datasource": {
		"ds1": {
			"file": {
				"dataType": "json",
				"ruleType": "FLOW",
				"converterClass": null,
				"file": "...",
				"charset": "utf-8",
				"recommendRefreshMs": 3000,
				"bufSize": 1048576
			},
			"nacos": null,
			"zk": null,
			"apollo": null,
			"redis": null
		}
	},
	"clientIp": "30.5.121.91",
	"clientPort": "8719",
	"logUsePid": false,
	"metricsFileSize": 52428800,
	"logDir": "...",
	"heartbeatIntervalMs": 10000
}

5.9 Configuration

The following table shows that when there are corresponding bean types in ApplicationContext, some actions will be taken:

Existing Bean TypeActionFunction

UrlCleaner

WebCallbackManager.setUrlCleaner(urlCleaner)

Resource cleaning(resource(for example, classify all URLs of /foo/:id to the /foo/* resource))

UrlBlockHandler

WebCallbackManager.setUrlBlockHandler(urlBlockHandler)

Customize rate limiting logic

RequestOriginParser

WebCallbackManager.setRequestOriginParser(requestOriginParser)

Setting the origin

The following table shows all the configurations of Spring Cloud Alibaba Sentinel:

ConfigurationDescriptionDefault Value

spring.application.name or project.name

Project Name Of Sentinel

 

spring.cloud.sentinel.enabled

Whether Sentinel automatic configuration takes effect

true

spring.cloud.sentinel.eager

Whether to trigger Sentinel initialization in advance

false

spring.cloud.sentinel.transport.port

Port for the application to interact with Sentinel dashboard. An HTTP Server which uses this port will be started in the application

8719

spring.cloud.sentinel.transport.dashboard

Sentinel dashboard address

 

spring.cloud.sentinel.transport.heartbeatIntervalMs

Hearbeat interval between the application and Sentinel dashboard

 

spring.cloud.sentinel.transport.client-ip

The client IP of this configuration will be registered to the Sentinel Server side.

 

spring.cloud.sentinel.filter.order

Loading order of Servlet Filter. The filter will be constructed in the Starter

Integer.MIN_VALUE

spring.cloud.sentinel.filter.url-patterns

Data type is array. Refers to the collection of Servlet Filter ULR patterns

/*

spring.cloud.sentinel.filter.enabled

Enable to instance CommonFilter

true

spring.cloud.sentinel.metric.charset

metric file character set

UTF-8

spring.cloud.sentinel.metric.fileSingleSize

Sentinel metric single file size

 

spring.cloud.sentinel.metric.fileTotalCount

Sentinel metric total file number

 

spring.cloud.sentinel.log.dir

Directory of Sentinel log files

 

spring.cloud.sentinel.log.switch-pid

If PID is required for Sentinel log file names

false

spring.cloud.sentinel.servlet.blockPage

Customized redirection URL. When rate limited, the request will be redirected to the pre-defined URL

 

spring.cloud.sentinel.flow.coldFactor

ColdFactor

3

spring.cloud.sentinel.zuul.order.pre

The order of SentinelZuulPreFilter

10000

spring.cloud.sentinel.zuul.order.post

The order of SentinelZuulPostFilter

1000

spring.cloud.sentinel.zuul.order.error

The order of SentinelZuulErrorFilter

-1

spring.cloud.sentinel.scg.fallback.mode

Response mode after Spring Cloud Gateway circuit break (select redirect or response)

 

spring.cloud.sentinel.scg.fallback.redirect

Spring Cloud Gateway response mode is the redirect URL corresponding to 'redirect' mode

 

spring.cloud.sentinel.scg.fallback.response-body

Spring Cloud Gateway response mode is response content corresponding to 'response' mode

 

spring.cloud.sentinel.scg.fallback.response-status

Spring Cloud Gateway response mode is the response code corresponding to 'response' mode

429

spring.cloud.sentinel.scg.fallback.content-type

The Spring Cloud Gateway response mode is the content-type corresponding to the 'response' mode.

application/json

[Note]Note

These configurations will only take effect in servlet environment. RestTemplate and Feign will not take effect for these configurations.

6. Spring Cloud Alibaba Dubbo

6.1 Introduction

Dubbo Spring Cloud is based on Dubbo Spring Boot 2.7.3[1] and Spring Cloud 2.x development, whether the developer is a Dubbo user or a Spring Cloud user. Easily navigate and move apps up at a cost close to “zero” costs. Dubbo Spring Cloud is designed to simplify Cloud Native development costs, improve R&D performance, and improve application performance.

6.2 Features

Since Dubbo Spring Cloud is built on top of the native Spring Cloud, its service governance capabilities are considered Spring Cloud Plus. Not only does it fully cover the Spring Cloud native features [5], but it also provides a more stable and mature implementation, as shown in the following table:

FeatureSpring CloudDubbo Spring Cloud

Distributed configuration

Git、Zookeeper、Consul、JDBC

Spring Cloud Distributed Configuration + Dubbo Configuration Center[6]

Service registration and discovery

Eureka、Zookeeper、Consul

Spring Cloud Native Registration Center[7] + Dubbo Native Registration Center[8]

Load balancing

Ribbon(Random, RoundRobin)

Dubbo built-in implementation (random, polling, etc. + weights, etc.)

Circuit Breakers

Spring Cloud Hystrix

Spring Cloud Hystrix + Alibaba Sentinel[9] etc.

Service-to-service calls

Open Feign、RestTemplate

Spring Cloud service call + Dubbo @Reference.

Tracing

Spring Cloud Sleuth[10] + Zipkin[11]

Zipkin、opentracing, etc.

6.3 Reference

[1]: Starting with 2.7.0, Dubbo Spring Boot and Dubbo are consistent in version

[2]: Preview releases of Spring Cloud Alibaba are available: 0.9.0, 0.2.2, and 0.1.2 - https://spring.io/blog/2011/04/11/preview-releases-of-spring-cloud-alibaba-are-available-0-9-0-0-2-2-and-0-1-2

[3]: The current version of the Spring Cloud "F" is: Finchley.SR2 - https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Finchley.SR2/single/spring-cloud.html

[4]: The current Spring Cloud "G" version is Greenwich.RELEASE

[5]: Spring Cloud feature list - https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Greenwich.RELEASE/single/spring-cloud.html#_features

[6]: Dubbo 2.7 starts supporting the configuration center and can be customized - http://dubbo.apache.org/en-us/docs/user/configuration/config-center.html

[7]: Spring Cloud native registry, in addition to Eureka, Zookeeper, and Consul, includes Nacos in Spring Cloud Alibaba

[8]: Dubbo Native Registration Center - http://dubbo.apache.org/en-us/docs/user/references/registry/introduction.html

[9]: Alibaba Sentinel: Sentinel uses traffic as an entry point to protect service stability from multiple dimensions such as flow control, blowdown, and system load protection - https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E4%BB%8B %E7%BB%8D, currently Sentinel has been accepted as a candidate for Circuit Breaker by the Spring Cloud project - https://spring.io/blog/2011/04/8/introducing-spring-cloud-circuit-breaker

[10]:Spring Cloud Sleuth - https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud-sleuth

[11]: Zipkin - https://github.com/apache/incubator-zipkin

7. Spring Cloud Alibaba RocketMQ Binder

7.1 Introduction of RocketMQ

RocketMQ is an open-source distributed message system. It is based on highly available distributed cluster technologies and provides message publishing and subscription service with low latency and high stability. RocketMQ is widely used in a variety of industries, such as decoupling of asynchronous communication, enterprise sulotions, financial settlements, telecommunication, e-commerce, logistics, marketing, social media, instant messaging, mobile applications, mobile games, vedios, IoT, and Internet of Vehicles.

It has the following features:

  • Strict order of message sending and consumption
  • Rich modes of message pulling
  • Horizontal scalability of consumers
  • Real-time message subscription
  • Billion-level message accumulation capability

7.2 RocketMQ Usages

  • Download RocketMQ

Download Latest Binary File of RocketMQ, and decompress it.

The decompressed directory is as follows:

apache-rocketmq
├── LICENSE
├── NOTICE
├── README.md
├── benchmark
├── bin
├── conf
└── lib
  • Start NameServer
nohup sh bin/mqnamesrv &
tail -f ~/logs/rocketmqlogs/namesrv.log
  • Start Broker
nohup sh bin/mqbroker -n localhost:9876 &
tail -f ~/logs/rocketmqlogs/broker.log
  • Send and Receive Messages

Send messages:

sh bin/tools.sh org.apache.rocketmq.example.quickstart.Producer

Output when the message is successfuly sent: SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId= …​

Receive messages:

sh bin/tools.sh org.apache.rocketmq.example.quickstart.Consumer

Output when the message is successfully received: ConsumeMessageThread_%d Receive New Messages: [MessageExt…​

  • Disable Server
sh bin/mqshutdown broker
sh bin/mqshutdown namesrv

7.3 Introduction of Spring Cloud Stream

Spring Cloud Stream is a microservice framework used to build architectures based on messages. It helps you to create production-ready single-server Spring applications based on SpringBoot, and connects with Broker using Spring Integration.

Spring Cloud Stream provides unified abstractions of message middleware configurations, and puts forward concepts such as publish-subscribe, consumer groups and partition.

There are two concepts in Spring Cloud Stream: Binder and Binding

  • Binder: A component used to integrate with external message middleware, and is used to create binding. Different message middleware products have their own binder implementations.

For example, Kafka uses KafkaMessageChannelBinder, RabbitMQ uses RabbitMessageChannelBinder, while RocketMQ uses RocketMQMessageChannelBinder.

  • Binding: Includes Input Binding and Output Binding.

Binding serves as a bridge between message middleware and the provider and consumer of the applications. Developers only need to use the Provider or Consumer to produce or consume data, and do not need to worry about the interactions with the message middleware.

Figure 7.1. Spring Cloud Stream

SCSt overview

Now let’s use Spring Cloud Stream to write a simple code for sending and receiving messages:

MessageChannel messageChannel = new DirectChannel();

// Message subscription
((SubscribableChannel) messageChannel).subscribe(new MessageHandler() {
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message<? > message) throws MessagingException {
        System.out.println("receive msg: " + message.getPayload());
    }
});

// Message sending
messageChannel.send(MessageBuilder.withPayload("simple msg").build());

All the message types in this code are provided by the `spring-messaging`module. It shields the lower-layer implementations of message middleware. If you would like to change the message middleware, you only need to configure the related message middleware information in the configuration file and modify the binder dependency.

The lower layer of Spring Cloud Stream also implements various code abstractions based on the previous code.

7.4 How to use Spring Cloud Alibaba RocketMQ Binder

For using the Spring Cloud Alibaba RocketMQ Binder, you just need to add it to your Spring Cloud Stream application, using the following Maven coordinates:

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-cloud-stream-binder-rocketmq</artifactId>
</dependency>

Alternatively, you can also use the Spring Cloud Stream RocketMQ Starter:

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rocketmq</artifactId>
</dependency>

7.5 How Spring Cloud Alibaba RocketMQ Binder Works

This is the implementation architecture of Spring Cloud Stream RocketMQ Binder:

Figure 7.2. SCS RocketMQ Binder

TB1v8rcbUY1gK0jSZFCXXcwqXXa 1236 773

The implementation of RocketMQ Binder depend on the RocketMQ-Spring framework.

RocketMQ Spring framework is an integration of RocketMQ and Spring Boot. It provides three main features:

  1. RocketMQTemplate: Sending messages, including synchronous, asynchronous, and transactional messages.
  2. @RocketMQTransactionListener: Listen and check for transaction messages.
  3. @RocketMQMessageListener: Consume messages.

RocketMQMessageChannelBinder is a standard implementation of Binder, it will build RocketMQInboundChannelAdapter and RocketMQMessageHandler internally.

RocketMQMessageHandler will construct RocketMQTemplate based on the Binding configuration. RocketMQTemplate will convert the org.springframework.messaging.Message message class of spring-messaging module to the RocketMQ message class org.apache.rocketmq.common .message.Message internally, then send it out.

RocketMQInboundChannelAdapter will also construct RocketMQListenerBindingContainer based on the Binding configuration, and RocketMQListenerBindingContainer will start the RocketMQ Consumer to receive the messages.

[Note]Note

RocketMQ Binder Application can also be used to configure rocketmq.** to trigger RocketMQ Spring related AutoConfiguration

Currently Binder supports setting the relevant key in Header to set the properties of the RocketMQ message.

For example, TAGS, DELAY, TRANSACTIONAL_ARG, KEYS, WAIT_STORE_MSG_OK, FLAG represent the labels corresponding to the RocketMQ message.

MessageBuilder builder = MessageBuilder.withPayload(msg)
    .setHeader(RocketMQHeaders.TAGS, "binder")
    .setHeader(RocketMQHeaders.KEYS, "my-key")
    .setHeader("DELAY", "1");
Message message = builder.build();
output().send(message);

7.6 Support MessageSource

SCS RocketMQ Binder support MessageSource,which can receive messages by pull mode:

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableBinding(MQApplication.PolledProcessor.class)
public class MQApplication {

  private final Logger logger =
  	  LoggerFactory.getLogger(MQApplication.class);

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(MQApplication.class, args);
  }

  @Bean
  public ApplicationRunner runner(PollableMessageSource source,
  	    MessageChannel dest) {
    return args -> {
      while (true) {
        boolean result = source.poll(m -> {
          String payload = (String) m.getPayload();
          logger.info("Received: " + payload);
          dest.send(MessageBuilder.withPayload(payload.toUpperCase())
              .copyHeaders(m.getHeaders())
              .build());
        }, new ParameterizedTypeReference<String>() { });
        if (result) {
          logger.info("Processed a message");
        }
        else {
          logger.info("Nothing to do");
        }
        Thread.sleep(5_000);
      }
    };
  }

  public static interface PolledProcessor {

    @Input
    PollableMessageSource source();

    @Output
    MessageChannel dest();

  }

}

7.7 Configuration Options

7.7.1 RocketMQ Binder Properties

spring.cloud.stream.rocketmq.binder.name-server

The name server of RocketMQ Server(Older versions use the namesrv-addr configuration item).

Default: 127.0.0.1:9876.

spring.cloud.stream.rocketmq.binder.access-key

The AccessKey of Alibaba Cloud Account.

Default: null.

spring.cloud.stream.rocketmq.binder.secret-key

The SecretKey of Alibaba Cloud Account.

Default: null.

spring.cloud.stream.rocketmq.binder.enable-msg-trace

Enable Message Trace feature for all producers and consumers.

Default: true.

spring.cloud.stream.rocketmq.binder.customized-trace-topic

The trace topic for message trace.

Default: RMQ_SYS_TRACE_TOPIC.

7.7.2 RocketMQ Consumer Properties

The following properties are available for RocketMQ producers only and must be prefixed with spring.cloud.stream.rocketmq.bindings.<channelName>.consumer..

enable

Enable Consumer Binding.

Default: true.

tags

Consumer subscription tags expression, tags split by ||.

Default: empty.

sql

Consumer subscription sql expression.

Default: empty.

broadcasting

Control message mode, if you want all subscribers receive message all message, broadcasting is a good choice.

Default: false.

orderly

Receiving message concurrently or orderly.

Default: false.

delayLevelWhenNextConsume

Message consume retry strategy for concurrently consume:

  • -1,no retry,put into DLQ directly
  • 0,broker control retry frequency
  • >0,client control retry frequency

    Default: 0.

suspendCurrentQueueTimeMillis

Time interval of message consume retry for orderly consume.

Default: 1000.

7.7.3 RocketMQ Provider Properties

The following properties are available for RocketMQ producers only and must be prefixed with spring.cloud.stream.rocketmq.bindings.<channelName>.producer..

enable

Enable Producer Binding.

Default: true.

group

Producer group name.

Default: empty.

maxMessageSize

Maximum allowed message size in bytes.

Default: 8249344.

transactional

Send Transactional Message.

Default: false.

sync

Send message in synchronous mode.

Default: false.

vipChannelEnabled

Send message with vip channel.

Default: true.

sendMessageTimeout

Millis of send message timeout.

Default: 3000.

compressMessageBodyThreshold

Compress message body threshold, namely, message body larger than 4k will be compressed on default.

Default: 4096.

retryTimesWhenSendFailed

Maximum number of retry to perform internally before claiming sending failure in synchronous mode.

Default: 2.

retryTimesWhenSendAsyncFailed

Maximum number of retry to perform internally before claiming sending failure in asynchronous mode.

Default: 2.

retryNextServer

Indicate whether to retry another broker on sending failure internally.

Default: false.

8. Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud ANS

ANS(Application Naming Service) is a component of EDAS. Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud ANS provides the commercial version of service registration and discovery in conformity with the Spring Cloud specifications, so that you can develop your applications locally and run them on the cloud.

[Note]Note

EDAS currently supports direct deployment of Nacos Discovery applications

8.1 How to Introduce Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud ANS

If you want to use ANS in your project, please use the starter with the group ID as com.alibaba.cloud and the artifact ID as spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-ans.

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-ans</artifactId>
</dependency>

8.2 Use ANS to Register Service

When Spring Cloud AliCloud ANS Starter is introduced on the client, the metadata of the service such as IP, port number and weright will be registered to the registration center automatically. The client will maintain heartbeat with the server to prove that it is capable of providing service properly.

The following is a simple illustration.

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@RestController
public class ProviderApplication {

    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String home() {
        return "Hello world";
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
    }

}

As the service will registered to the registration center, we will need to configure the address of the registration center. We also need to add the following address in application.properties.

# The application name will be used as the service name, therefore it is mandatory.
spring.application.name=ans-provider
server.port=18081
# The following is the IP and port number of the registration center.
spring.cloud.alicloud.ans.server-list=127.0.0.1
spring.cloud.alicloud.ans.server-port=8080
[Note]Note

By now the registration center is not started yet, so you will get an error message if your application is started. Therefore, start the registration center before you start your application.

8.3 Start Registration Center

ANS uses two types of registration centers. One is the free lightweight configuration center and the other is the registration center on cloud, which is provided through EDAS. Generally, you can use the lightweight version for application development and local testing, and use EDAS for canary deployment or production.

8.3.1 Start Lightweight Configuration Center

Refer to the Configure Lightweight Configuration Center for details about how to download and install lightweight configuration center.

[Note]Note

You only need to perform step 1(Download lightweight configuration center) and step 2(Start lightweight configuration center). Step 3(Configure hosts) is not required if you use ANS at the same time.

After you start the lightweight configuration center, start ProviderApplication directly, and you will be able to register your service to the configuration center. The default port of the lightweight configuration center is 8080, therefore you can open http://127.0.0.1:8080, click “Services” on the left and see the registered service.

8.3.2 User Registration Center on the Cloud

Using the registration center on the cloud saves you from the tedious work of server maintenance while at the same time provides a better stability. There is no difference at the code level between using the registration center on cloud and lightweight configuration center, but there are some differences in configurations.

The following is a simple sample of using the registration center on the cloud.

# The application name will be used the service name, and is therefore mandatory.
spring.application.name=ans-provider
# Configure your own port number
server.port=18081
# The following is the IP and port number of the configuration center. The default value is 127.0.0.1 and 8080, so the following lines can be omitted.
spring.cloud.alicloud.ans.server-mode=EDAS
spring.cloud.alicloud.access-key=Your Alibaba Cloud AK
spring.cloud.alicloud.secret-key=Your Alibaba Cloud SK
spring.cloud.alicloud.edas.namespace=cn-xxxxx

The default value of server-mode is LOCAL. If you want to use the registration center on cloud, you need to change it to EDAS.

Access-key and secret-key are the AK/SK of your Alibaba Cloud account. Register an Alibaba Cloud account first and log on to the Cloud Console Alibaba Cloud AK/SK to copy your AccessKey ID and Access Key Secret. If you haven’t created one, click the “Create AccessKey” button.

Namespace is a concept in EDAS, which is used to isolate environments, such as testing environment and production environment. To find your namespace, click to Sign up for EDAS first. You will not be charged under the pay-as-you-go mode. Then log on to the EDAS Console and you will be able to see your namespace, for example cn-hangzhou.

[Note]Note

EDAS provides application hosting service and will fill in all configurations automatically for the hosted applications.

9. Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud ACM

Spring Cloud AliCloud ACM is an implementation of the commercial product Application Configuration Management(ACM) in the client side of Spring Cloud, and is free of charge.

Use Spring Cloud AliCloud ACM to quickly access ACM configuration management capabilities based on Spring Cloud’s programming model.

[Note]Note

Currently EDAS already supports direct deployment of the Nacos Config app.

9.1 How to Introduce Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud ACM

If you want to use ACM in your project, please use the starter with the group ID as com.alibaba.cloud and the artifact ID as spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-acm.

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-acm</artifactId>
</dependency>

9.2 Use ACM to Manage Configurations

When Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud ACM Starter is introduced into the client, the application will automatically get configuration information from the configuration management server when it starts, and inject the configuration into Spring Environment.

The following is a simple illustration.

@SpringBootApplication
public class ProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
        String userName = applicationContext.getEnvironment().getProperty("user.name");
        String userAge = applicationContext.getEnvironment().getProperty("user.age");
        System.err.println("user name :" +userName+"; age: "+userAge);
    }
}

As we need to obtain configuration information from the configuration server, we will need to configure the address of the server. We also need to add the following information in bootstrap.properties.

# Required. The application name will be used as part of the keyword to get the configuration key from the server.
spring.application.name=acm-config
server.port=18081
# The following is the IP and port number of the configuration server.
spring.cloud.alicloud.acm.server-list=127.0.0.1
spring.cloud.alicloud.acm.server-port=8080
[Note]Note

By now the configuration center is not started yet, so you will get an error message if your application is started. Therefore, start the configuration center before you start your application.

9.2.1 Start Configuration Center

ACM uses two types of configuration centers. One is lightweight configuration center, the other is ACM which is used on Alibaba Cloud. Generally, you can use the lightweight version for application development and local testing, and use ACM for canary deployment or production.

Use Lightweight Configuration Center

Refer to the Configure Lightweight Configuration Center for details about how to download and install lightweight configuration center.

[Note]Note

You only need to perform step 1(Download lightweight configuration center) and step 2(Start lightweight configuration center).

Use ACM on the Alibaba Cloud

Using ACM on the cloud saves you from the tedious work of server maintenance while at the same time provides a better stability. There is no difference at the code level between using ACM on cloud and lightweight configuration center, but there are some differences in configurations.

The following is a simple sample of using ACM. You can view configuration details on ACM Console

# The application name will be used as part of the keyword to obtain configuration key from the server, and is mandatory.
spring.application.name=acm-config
# Configure your own port number
server.port=18081
# The following is the IP and port number of the configuration center.
spring.cloud.alicloud.acm.server-mode=EDAS
spring.cloud.alicloud.access-key=Your Alibaba Cloud AK
spring.cloud.alicloud.secret-key=Your Alibaba Cloud SK
spring.cloud.alicloud.acm.endpoint=acm.aliyun.com
spring.cloud.alicloud.acm.namespace=Your ACM namespace(You can find the namespace on the ACM console)
[Note]Note

EDAS provides application hosting service and will fill in all configurations about ACM automatically for the hosted applications.

9.2.2 Add Configuration in the Configuration Center

  1. After you start the lightweight configuration center, add the following configuration on the console.
Group:      DEFAULT_GROOUP

DataId:     acm-config.properties

Content:    user.name=james
            user.age=18
[Note]Note

The format of dataId is {prefix}. {file-extension}. “prefix” is obtained from spring.application.name by default, and the value of “file-extension” is "properties” by default.

9.2.3 Start Application Verification

Start the following example and you can see that the value printed on the console is the value we configured in the lightweight configuration center.

user name :james; age: 18

9.3 Modify Configuration File Extension

The default file extension of dataId in spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-acm is properties. In addition to properties, yaml is also supported. You can set the file extension using spring.cloud.alicloud.acm.file-extension. Just set it to yaml or `yml`for yaml format.

[Note]Note

After you change the file extension, you need to make corresponding format changes in the DataID and content of the configuration center.

9.4 Dynamic Configuration Refresh

spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-acm supports dynamic configuration updates. RefreshEvent in Spring is published when you update configuration in the configuration center. All classes with @RefreshScope and @ConfigurationProperties annotations will be refreshed automatically.

[Note]Note

You can disable automatic refresh by this setting: spring.cloud.alicloud.acm.refresh.enabled=false

9.5 Configure Profile Granularity

When configuration is loaded by spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-acm, configuration with DataId {spring.application.name}. {file-extension} will be loaded first. If there is content in spring.profiles.active, the content of spring.profile, and configuration with the dataid format of{spring.application.name}-{profile}. {file-extension} will also be loaded in turn, and the latter has higher priority.

spring.profiles.active is the configuration metadata, and should also be configured in bootstrap.properties or bootstrap.yaml. For example, you can add the following content in bootstrap.properties.

spring.profiles.active={profile-name}

Note: You can also configure the granularity through JVM parameters such as -Dspring.profiles.active=develop or --spring.profiles.active=develop, which have higher priority. Just follow the specifications of Spring Boot.

9.6 Support Custom ACM Timeout

the default timeout of ACM client get config from sever is 3000 ms . If you need to define a timeout, set configuration spring.cloud.alicloud.acm.timeout,the unit is millisecond.

9.7 Support Custom Group Configurations

DEFAULT_GROUP is used by default when no {spring.cloud.alicloud.acm.group} configuration is defined. If you need to define your own group, you can use the following method:

spring.cloud.alicloud.acm.group=DEVELOP_GROUP
[Note]Note

This configuration must be placed in the bootstrap.properties file, and the value of Group must be the same with the value of spring.cloud.alicloud.acm.group.

9.7.1 Support Shared Configurations

ACM provides a solution to share the same configuration across multiple applications. You can do this by adding the spring.application.group configuration in Bootstrap.

spring.application.group=company.department.team

Then, you application will retrieve configurations from the following DataId in turn before it retrieves its own configuration: company:application.properties, company.department:application.properties, company.department.team:application.properties. After that, it also retrieves configuration from {spring.application.group}: {spring.application.name}. {file-extension} The later in order, the higer the priority, and the unique configuration of the application itself has the highest priority.

[Note]Note

The default suffix of DataId is properties, and you can change it using spring.cloud.alicloud.acm.file-extension. {spring.application.group}: {spring.application.name}. {file-extension} .

[Note]Note

If you configured spring.profiles.active , then the DataId format of {spring.application.group}: {spring.application.name}-{spring.profiles.active}. {file-extension} is also supported, and has higher priority than {spring.application.group}: {spring.application.name}. {file-extension}

9.8 Actuator Endpoint

the Actuator endpoint of ACM is /acm, config represents the ACM metadata configuration information, runtime.sources corresponds to the configuration information obtained from the ACM server and the last refresh time, runtime.refreshHistory corresponds to the dynamic refresh history.

10. Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud OSS

OSS(Object Storage Service)is a storage product on Alibaba Cloud. Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud OSS provides the commercialized storage service in conformity with Spring Cloud specifications. We provide easy-to-use APIs and supports the integration of Resource in the Spring framework.

10.1 How to Introduce Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud OSS

We’ve released Spring Cloud Alibaba version 0.2.1. You will need to add dependency management POM first.

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>0.2.2.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

Next we need to introduce Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud OSS Starter.

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-oss</artifactId>
</dependency>

10.2 How to Use OSS API

10.2.1 Configure OSS

Before you start to use Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud OSS, please add the following configurations in application.properties.

spring.cloud.alicloud.access-key=Your Alibaba Cloud AK
spring.cloud.alicloud.secret-key=Your Alibaba Cloud SK
spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.endpoint=***.aliyuncs.com

access-key and secret-key is the AK/SK of your Alibaba Cloud account. If you don’t have one, please register an account first, and log on to Alibaba Cloud AK/SK Management to get your AccessKey ID and Access Key Secret . If you haven’t create the AccessKeys, click “Create AccessKey” to create one.

For endpoint information, please refer to the OSS Documentation and get the endpoint for your region.

10.2.2 Introduce OSS API

The OSS API of Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud OSS is based on the official OSS SDK, and includes APIs for uploading, downloading, viewing files.

Here is a simple application that uses the OSS API.

@SpringBootApplication
public class OssApplication {

    @Autowired
    private OSS ossClient;

    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String home() {
        ossClient.putObject("bucketName", "fileName", new FileInputStream("/your/local/file/path"));
        return "upload success";
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws URISyntaxException {
        SpringApplication.run(OssApplication.class, args);
    }

}

Before you upload your files, please Register an Alibaba Cloud Account. If you already have one, please Sign up for OSS.

Log on to the OSS Console, click “Create New Bucket” and create a bucket as instructed. Replace the bucket name in the “bucketname” of the previous code with your new bucket name. "fileName” can be any name you like, and "/your/local/file/path” can be any local file path. Next you can run `curl http://127.0.0.1:port number/ to upload your files, and you will see your file on the OSS Console.

For more instructions on OSS APIs, please refer to OSS SDK Documentation.

10.3 Integrate with the Resource Specifications of Spring

Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud OSS integrates the Resource of the Spring framework, which allows you to use the OSS resources easily.

The following is a simple example of how to use Resource.

@SpringBootApplication
public class OssApplication {

    @Value("oss://bucketName/fileName")
    private Resource file;

    @GetMapping("/file")
    public String fileResource() {
        try {
            return "get file resource success. content: " + StreamUtils.copyToString(
                file.getInputStream(), Charset.forName(CharEncoding.UTF_8));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return "get resource fail: " + e.getMessage();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws URISyntaxException {
        SpringApplication.run(OssApplication.class, args);
    }

}
[Note]Note

A prerequisite for the above sample is that you need to have a bucket named “bucketName” on OSS, and you have a file named “fileName” in this bucket.

10.4 Use STS Authentication

In addition to AccessKeys, Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud OSS also supports STS authentication. STS is an authentication method with temporary security tokens, and is usually used for a third party to access its resources temporarily.

For a third party to access resources temporarily, it only needs to complete the following configurations.

spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.authorization-mode=STS
spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.endpoint=***.aliyuncs.com
spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.sts.access-key=Your authenticated AK
spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.sts.secret-key=Your authenticated SK
spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.sts.security-token=Your authenticated ST

Among which, spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.authorization-mode is the enumeration type. Fill in STS here means that STS authentication is used. For endpoint information, refer to the OSS Documentation and fill in the endpoint for your region.

Access-key, secret-key and the security-token need to be issued by the authentication side. For more information about STS, refer to STS Documentation.

10.5 More Configurations for the Client

In addition to basic configurations, Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud OSS also supports many other configurations, which are also included in the application.properties file.

Here are some examples.

spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.authorization-mode=STS
spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.endpoint=***.aliyuncs.com
spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.sts.access-key=Your authenticated AK
spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.sts.secret-key=Your authenticated SK
spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.sts.security-token=Your authenticated ST

spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.config.connection-timeout=3000
spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.config.max-connections=1000

For more configurations, refer to the table at the bottom of OSSClient Configurations.

[Note]Note

In most cases, you need to connect the parameter names with “-” for the parameters in the table of OSSClient Configurations with “-”, and all letters should be in lowercase. For example, ConnectionTimeout should be changed to connection-timeout.

11. Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud SchedulerX

SchedulerX(Distributed job scheduling) is a component of EDAS, an Alibaba Cloud product. Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud SchedulerX provides distributed job scheduling in conformity with the Spring Cloud specifications. SchedulerX provides timed job scheduling service with high accuracy with seconds, high stability and high availabiliy, and supports multiple job types, such as simple single-server jobs, simple multi-host jobs, script jobs, and grid jobs.

11.1 How to Introduce Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud SchedulerX

If you want to use SchedulerX in your project, please use the starter with the group ID as com.alibaba.cloud and the artifact ID as spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-schedulerX.

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-schedulerX</artifactId>
</dependency>

11.2 Start SchedulerX

After Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud SchedulerX Starter is introduced into the client, you only need to complete a few simple configurations and you will be able to initialize the SchedulerX service automatically.

The following is a simple example.

@SpringBootApplication
public class ScxApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ScxApplication.class, args);
    }

}

Add the following configurations in the application.properties file.

server.port=18033
# cn-test is the test region of SchedulerX
spring.cloud.alicloud.scx.group-id=***
spring.cloud.alicloud.edas.namespace=cn-test

Before getting the group-id, please Register an Alibaba Cloud account, and then Sign up for EDAS and Sign up for SchedulerX as well.

To get the group-id, refer to the SchedulerX Documentation.

[Note]Note

When you create a group, please select the “test” region.

11.3 Compile a simple job

Simple job is the most commonly used job type. You only need to implement the ScxSimpleJobProcessor interface.

The following is a sample of a simple single-server job.

public class SimpleTask implements ScxSimpleJobProcessor {

	@Override
	public ProcessResult process(ScxSimpleJobContext context) {
		System.out.println("-----------Hello world---------------");
		ProcessResult processResult = new ProcessResult(true);
		return processResult;
	}

}

11.4 Job Scheduling

Go to the SchedulerX Jobs page, select the “Test” region, and click “Create Job” on the upper-right corner to create a job, as shown below.

Job Group: Test——***-*-*-****
Job process interface:SimpleTask
Type: Simple Single-Server Job
Quartz Cron Expression: Default Option——0 * * * * ?
Job Description: Empty
Custom Parameters: Empty

The job above is a “Simple Single-Server Job”, and speficied a Cron expression of "0 * * * * ?" . This means that the job will be executed once and once only in every minute.

For more job types, refer to SchedulerX Documentation.

11.5 Usage in Production Environment

The previous examples shows how to use SchedulerX in the “Test” region, which is mainly used for local testing.

At the production level, you need to complete some other configurations in addition to the group-id and namespace as mentioned above. See examples below:

server.port=18033
# cn-test is the test region of SchedulerX
spring.cloud.alicloud.scx.group-id=***
spring.cloud.alicloud.edas.namespace=***
# If your application runs on EDAS, you do not need to configure the following.
spring.cloud.alicloud.access-key=***
spring.cloud.alicloud.secret-key=***
# The following configurations are not mandatory. You can refer to the SchedulerX documentation for details.
spring.cloud.alicloud.scx.domain-name=***

The way to get the group-id is the same as described in the previous examples, and you can get the namespace by clicking “Namespaces” in the left-side navigation pane of the EDAS console.

[Note]Note

Group-id must be created within a namespace.

Access-key and secret-key are the AK/SK of your Alibaba Cloud account. If you deploy you applications on EDAS, then you do not need to fill in this information. Otherwise please go to Security Information to get your AccessKeys.

Domain-name is not mandatory. You can refer to SchedulerX Documentation for details.

12. Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud SMS

SMS(Short Message Service)is a messaging service that covers the globe, Alibaba SMS provides convenient, efficient, and intelligent communication capabilities that help businesses quickly contact their customers.

Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud SMS provide an easier-to-use API for quick access to Alibaba Cloud’s SMS service based on Spring Cloud Alibaba SMS.

12.1 How to Introduce Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud SMS

If you want to use SMS in your project, please use the starter with the group ID as com.alibaba.cloud and the artifact ID as spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-sms.

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-sms</artifactId>
</dependency>

12.2 How to use SMS API

12.2.1 Configure SMS

Before you start to use Spring Cloud Alibaba Cloud SMS, please add the following configurations in application.properties.

spring.cloud.alicloud.access-key=AK
spring.cloud.alicloud.secret-key=SK

access-key and secret-key is the AK/SK of your Alibaba Cloud account. If you don’t have one, please register an account first, and log on to Alibaba Cloud AK/SK Management to get your AccessKey ID and Access Key Secret . If you haven’t create the AccessKeys, click “Create AccessKey” to create one.

12.2.2 Introduce SMS API

The SMS API in Spring Cloud Alicloud SMS is based on Alibaba Cloud SMS SDK. It has a single SMS sending, multiple SMS bulk sending, SMS query, SMS message (SMS receipt message and Upstream SMS message) class operation API.

The following is a simple example of how to use SMS api to send short message:

@SpringBootApplication
public class SmsApplication {

    @Autowired
    private ISmsService smsService;

    @RequestMapping("/batch-sms-send.do")
    public SendBatchSmsResponse batchsendCheckCode(
            @RequestParam(name = "code") String code) {

        SendSmsRequest request = new SendSmsRequest();
        // Required:the mobile number
        request.setPhoneNumbers("152******");
        // Required:SMS-SignName-could be found in sms console
        request.setSignName("******");
        // Required:Template-could be found in sms console
        request.setTemplateCode("******");
        // Required:The param of sms template.For exmaple, if the template is "Hello,your verification code is ${code}". The param should be like following value
        request.setTemplateParam("{\"code\":\"" + code + "\"}");
        SendSmsResponse sendSmsResponse ;
        try {
            sendSmsResponse = smsService.sendSmsRequest(request);
        }
        catch (ClientException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            sendSmsResponse = new SendSmsResponse();
        }
        return sendSmsResponse ;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws URISyntaxException {
        SpringApplication.run(SmsApplication.class, args);
    }

}

Before you send your messages, please Register an Alibaba Cloud Account. If you already have one, please Turn on SMS Service.

For more information about SMS , please refer to the SMS official SMS (SendSms)---JAVA] docs .

[Note]Note

Due to an issue with the earlier SMS sdk version, if the text message fails to be sent, please delete the line of code that contains the explicit MethodType as POST. If you still have problems, please contact us as soon as possible.

12.3 The Advanced Features of SMS Api

In order to reduce the cost of learning, the API interface of the Spring Cloud Alicloud SMS package is kept as consistent as the API and Example provided by the official website.

  • Batch SMS sending

Refer to the following example to quickly develop a feature with bulk SMS sending. Add the following code in the Controller or create a new Controller:

@RequestMapping("/batch-sms-send.do")
public SendBatchSmsResponse batchsendCheckCode(
        @RequestParam(name = "code") String code) {
    SendBatchSmsRequest request = new SendBatchSmsRequest();
    request.setMethod(MethodType.GET);
    request.setPhoneNumberJson("[\"177********\",\"130********\"]");
    request.setSignNameJson("[\"*******\",\"*******\"]");
    request.setTemplateCode("******");
    request.setTemplateParamJson(
            "[{\"code\":\"" + code + "\"},{\"code\":\"" + code + "\"}]");
    SendBatchSmsResponse sendSmsResponse ;
    try {
        sendSmsResponse = smsService
                .sendSmsBatchRequest(request);
        return sendSmsResponse;
    }
    catch (ClientException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        sendSmsResponse =  new SendBatchSmsResponse();
    }
    return sendSmsResponse ;
}
[Note]Note

The MethodType of the request is set to GET, which is somewhat different from the example given by the official website. This is because the inconsistent version of the dependent Alibaba Cloud POP API version causes incompatibility issues, set to GET.

More parameter descriptions can be reference here

  • SMS Query

Refer to the following example to quickly develop a history of sending SMS messages based on a specified number. Add the following code in the Controller or create a new Controller:

@RequestMapping("/query.do")
public QuerySendDetailsResponse querySendDetailsResponse(
        @RequestParam(name = "tel") String telephone) {
    QuerySendDetailsRequest request = new QuerySendDetailsRequest();
    request.setPhoneNumber(telephone);
    request.setSendDate("20190103");
    request.setPageSize(10L);
    request.setCurrentPage(1L);
    try {
        QuerySendDetailsResponse response = smsService.querySendDetails(request);
        return response;
    }
    catch (ClientException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    return new QuerySendDetailsResponse();
}

More parameter descriptions can be found at reference here

  • SMS receipt message

By subscribing to the SmsReport SMS status report, you can know the status of each SMS message and whether it knows the status and related information of the terminal user. These efforts have been encapsulated internally by Spring Cloud AliCloud SMS. You only need to complete the following two steps.

1、Configure the queue name for SmsReport in the application.properties configuration file (which can also be application.yaml).

application.properties. 

spring.cloud.alicloud.sms.report-queue-name=Alicom-Queue-********-SmsReport

2、Implement the SmsReportMessageListener interface and initialize a Spring Bean.

@Component
public class SmsReportMessageListener
		implements SmsReportMessageListener {

	@Override
	public boolean dealMessage(Message message) {
	    //do something
		System.err.println(this.getClass().getName() + "; " + message.toString());
		return true;
	}
}

More message body format for Message can be reference here.

  • Upstream SMS message

By subscribing to the SmsUp upstream SMS message, you can know the content of the end user replying to the SMS. These efforts have also been packaged by Spring Cloud AliCloud SMS. You only need to complete the following two steps.

1、Configure the queue name for SmsReport in the application.properties configuration file (which can also be application.yaml).

application.properties. 

spring.cloud.alicloud.sms.up-queue-name=Alicom-Queue-********-SmsUp

2、Implement the SmsUpMessageListener interface and initialize a Spring Bean.

@Component
public class SmsUpMessageListener
		implements org.springframework.cloud.alicloud.sms.SmsUpMessageListener {

	@Override
	public boolean dealMessage(Message message) {
    	//do something
		System.err.println(this.getClass().getName() + "; " + message.toString());
		return true;
	}
}

More message body format for Message can be reference here.